创新集群知识治理机制与政策研究

Knowledge is the most important strategic asset，and learning is the utmost strategic action.The fostering and development of innovation clusters can influence regional and even national competence.To cultivate innovation clusters has gained wide recognition among the decision-makers and academic world as an important factor that helps build an innovative nation and boost national competence.Intensive learning of technology and knowledge，construction of suitable innovation cluster knowledge system，and knowledge governance mechanism are the three crucial criteria in the formation innovation clusters.Innovation cluster is defined as the geographical or technological-spatial concentration of innovative organizations（enterprises，knowledge centers and related entities）that feature mass production of knowledge and effective interaction with outside world.No matter how the technical terms change，such as knowledge clusters，technology clusters，intellectual clusters，or knowledge-based clusters，any organization concentration that meet the above criteria can be seen as an innovation cluster.Innovation cluster studies absorbed the core findings of innovation theories，especially of the innovation systems studies；it also integrated in theories from Regional Theory，Industrial district，Industry Cluster and Innovation Geography.Innovation cluster studies are carried out in two dimensions：geographical and technological-space.Is “innovation” modifying “cluster”，or the other way around？Such debate reflects the focusing of different research dimension.One-sided research will later compromise our theoretical exploration and application development.Are the following-up countries advantaged or disadvantaged？The debate is actually a question about whether the following-ups are equipped with the learning abilities of knowledge，technology，and institution，and how well they can do them.Considered from development of innovation clusters，such questions can be interpreted into：how is knowledge effectively produced，shared，coordinated，and integrated，or in other words，the knowledge governance mechanism of innovation clusters.Based on the knowledge attribute（knowledge stock）and the organizational attribute（alliance stock），we are able to find out models of innovation cluster in different phases，and duly select a suitable knowledge governance mechanism：should we increase supply of knowledge volume，or the connection between knowledge suppliers and users，or build a knowledge sharing platform that enables common culture and language.Construction process of knowledge platform can reflect different order and system in innovation clusters.In building of innovation cluster credit platform in ZhongGuanCun，the Management Commission acted as the major initiator and implementer，which showed the leading position of public hierarchy.On the other hand，in the building of credit platform in Hangzhou E-commerce innovation cluster，leading private companies took the controlling position，a clear demonstration of private system.Under the influence of public and private powers，the subjects made spiral developments of knowledge，namely socialisation，externalisation，internalisation，recombination.Apart from usual leading companies，regional research institutions are also typical organizations active in knowledge management.The fostering of innovation clusters requires the connection and coupling of innovation elements，which is achieved through coordination and integration among the subjects in the clusters.Bearing all these in mind，the study attempts to study the constitution of organizations in innovation clusters，competition between organizations，and the development approaches of them.Institution and knowledge，organization and knowledge are both interacting；to observe on a higher scale，knowledge，organization and system can even be seen as a co-evolution system.Their co-evolution existence can be described as：led by the existing knowledge and cultural heritage，and recognized by the organization，the nation authorities initiates institution reform that directly or indirectly boosts the increasing in knowledge production and quality improving.Innovations in micro-organizations are enabled through integration of entrepreneurs，which in turn rewards the knowledge production entity.On the other hand，challenge and variety triggered changes in social knowledge and ideas.

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