低碳经济对中国对外贸易环境的影响

“Low Carbon Economy” has attracted the global concerns and been accepted by the world since it was put forward in 2003.Because it involves the climate，economy，politics，trade，technology，environment etc，low carbon economy must make new effects on the international trade rules and global trade environment under the background of globalization，when new international economic and political order is forming.As one of the largest trader and carbon emitter in the world，China is facing more and more serious foreign trade environment.Especially，the American Clean Energy and Security Act passed in June 2009，the problem of carbon tariffs is bumping up and a variety of trade frictions and trade barriers are booming after the international financial crisis，which forces China to pay great attention to the problem of foreign trade environmental optimization.Because of the international pressure and the needs of sustainable development，China must improve the structure and change the growth mode of foreign trade in the era of low carbon economy.In the meantime，China should vigorously develop the service trade and green trade，actively respond to the implementation of carbon tariffs on Chinese export commodities，and break up environmental barriers of low carbon technologies，“carbon logo” and so on made by other countries.Thus China can promote to change the mode of development to low carbon economy，optimize its foreign trade environment，and realize the sustainable development of foreign trade and economy.The dissertation is composed of six chapters.Chapter 1 introduces the research background and the research significance，the domestic and overseas research progress in this area，the research content，the research method and the research novelty.Chapter 2 discusses the major theoretical problems in low carbon economy.Firstly it reviews the related theories of basic low carbon economy，discusses the international background and active significance of the theory of low carbon economy.Then it briefly introduces the definition and connotation of low carbon economy.Based on these，the dissertation emphatically analyzes the carbon tariffs，as the product of the era of low carbon economy，which leads to new dispute and differences in the international order and will change the rules and the environment of international trade.In the end it gives some details about the strategy and policy of low carbon economy of the western countries，which offers some references to China.Chapter 3 mainly discusses the problems of foreign trade environment.The dissertation defines the foreign trade environment，especially the social environment of foreign trade.It also sums up the new changes in social environment of foreign trade today，and points out that these new changes will make international trade to be smooth.From two aspects of natural environment and social environment，the dissertation analyzes the relationship between foreign trade and environment.In fact，the social environment plays a decisive role in the development of international trade.And carbon tariffs will play a limit positive role for natural environment，but more become trade barriers to the foreign trade environment.Chapter 4 analyzes the impact of low carbon economy on international trade environment.From three aspects of the structure of foreign trade，carbon tariffs and environmental barrier，it presents the changes of foreign trade environment caused by low carbon economy in three trading powers—the United States，EU and Japan.About the structure of foreign trade，the dissertation generally analyzes the variation of foreign trade structure and carbon emissions of each trading powers in recent years，concludes that carbon emissions have increased with the growth of foreign trade of three trading powers.The dissertation makes empirical study on the relationship between carbon emissions and industrial structure in major trade countries by utilizing the varying coefficient unchanged intercept model，in order to indirectly analyze the relationships between the low carbon economy and foreign trade structure.The conclusion is that it must choose properly the leading industry according to the different situations，speed up the adjustment of industrial structure and foreign trade structure to develop the low carbon economy and ensure the environmental optimization of foreign trade.About carbon tariffs and environment barriers，it mainly inspects the attitude of the United States，the European Union，Japan and other countries for carbon tariffs.Many countries and regions are making environment barriers in name of low carbon economy at present and will implement carbon tariffs in the future.The carbon tariffs and non-tariff environmental barriers are the embodiment of the complication of international trade environment today.Chapter 5 makes empirical analysis on the impact of low carbon economy on China's foreign trade environment.In this dissertation，we focus on using input-output and empirically analyze the embodied carbon emissions in Chinese export according to 28 industrial export categories.We also indirectly analyze the relationships of the low carbon economy and foreign trade structure by using the multivariate linear regression model of Chinese industrial structure and low carbon economy.Results show that China's exports have concentrated on the products embodying high carbon.Once carbon tariffs is implemented，Chinese exports will be facing carbon barriers and export competitiveness will be declined markedly.At the same time，with the development of low carbon economy，the developed countries make constantly new environment barriers on China's export trade using the technical standard of low carbon and carbon logo etc.Hence，China must make adjustment of structure of the import and export commodity，actively addressed carbon tariffs，vigorously develop green trade and service trade.Chapter 6 mainly discusses the challenges and opportunities of developing low carbon economy，optimizing environment of Chinese foreign trade.The dissertation gives detailed ways and measures to realize low carbon economy and environmental optimization of foreign trade in China.Key Words：low carbon economy；carbon tariffs；foreign trade structure；embodied carbon emissions；environmental barriers

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