新生代进城农民工人力资源开发的政府行为研究

新生代进城农民工是城镇劳动力的重要组成部分，是我国经济发展与城镇化进程重大推动力量。作为新生的一代，他们在就业动力、权益诉求、职业角色认同、务工心态、维权意识等方面有着与上一代农民工不同的人口特征。他们拥有比上一代农民工更高的学历、与城市同龄人相仿的生活经历、更强烈的城市融入愿望、更高的成就动机与发展诉求。但是，同上一代农民工一样，新生代农民工的户籍身份决定了他们生活在城市却得不到与城市户籍居民同等的权利，他们创造着与户籍人口同样价值的劳动却无法享受城市户籍人口同等的公共福利与社会机会；许多企业雇用了大量的农民工，为了追求利润而克扣工资和偷逃社保，漠视社会责任；农民工的基本权益得不到保障，他们所享受的教育、医疗保健等公共服务也被差别对待，他们在经济社会发展中的弱势地位与其贡献极不相符，亟须改变。但是，他们任何改变的努力却面临着许多有形无形的阻力，他们在迁移入户时手续繁杂、限制与障碍重重，他们在追求自身弱势地位改变时没有受到中国社会的公平对待。这一社会问题不仅关系到他们自身的发展、城市融入与社会弱势地位的改变，还关系到中国当前和谐社会的构建与中国工业现代化的未来。本书选取新生代进城农民工作为研究对象，分析了农民工的基本内涵，对比了新生代进城农民工与老一代进城农民工的禀赋差异，同时还通过对比国外政府对弱势群体的人力资源开发经验并结合中国当前的国情，对新生代进城农民工的当代社会地位状况、造成当前状况的成因以及未来的发展出路进行了系统总结。此外，本书还以深圳市政府的人力资源开发行为为例，通过对政府行为目标、政府的政治行为、经济行为、法律行为与行政行为进行了细致分析，总结了政府各类行为对新生代进城农民工的人力资源开发产生的影响，编制了新生代进城农民工的人力资源开发行为制约分析图，并根据该图构建了新生代进城农民工人力资源开发的政府行为模式建议。本书还针对人力资源开发的限制性因素与政府行为模型构建了人力资源开发行为的效用评价模型，构建了效用评价指数，并以深圳市的新生代进城农民工的人力资源开发政府行为为例，计算出深圳市新生代进城农民工人力资源开发的政府行为效用指数，进而对指数模型进行了验证，最后给出了研究结论与政策建议。本书认为，对新生代进城农民工等弱势群体的人力资源开发行为与政府行为目标有着内在的一致性；新生代进城农民工的社会弱势地位是政府行为安排的必然结果，政府的政治行为对新生代进城农民工的人力资源开发影响深远却不被重视；中间组织的缺位使得政府对新生代进城农民工的人力资源开发行为效用低下；提供平等的公共服务、构建平等发展的环境与权利、配置均等的社会资源对提升新生代进城农民工的政府开发行为效用有限，这些措施并不能从根本上改变新生代进城农民工的弱势地位。只有加大资金投入、建立健全中间组织、引导企业与新生代农民工主体积极参与对新生代进城农民工的人力资源开发，并对其开发资源进行优先配置，构建农民工的职业技术发展通道，营造公平的人力资源使用环境，才能使这类群体改变当前的社会弱势地位。而政府在弱势群体人力资源开发行为中的主导性作用无可替代。因此，本书建议，政府需要统一认识，转变救济式的弱势群体权利保障思维，树立人力资源开发优先的思想，理顺政府协调机制，构建配套的财税保障体系、转变以经济增长为导向的政府绩效考核模式、转变户籍导向的公共服务模式，促进公共基础服务均等化，通过政治、经济、法律与行政行为鼓励多主体参与，特别是建立健全并促进中间组织的积极参与，构建公平的人力资源使用环境，改革收入分配机制以缩小收入差距，全面提升新生代进城农民工的人力资源开发动力，是提升新生代进城农民工人力资源开发的政府行为效用的关键。关键词：新生代进城农民工 人力资源开发 政府行为 效用指数ABSTRACTThe new generation of rural migrant workers is an important part of urban labor and is a major force to promote the process of the economic development and urbanization in China.Compared with the old generation,there are many different characteristics of the migrant population in the new generation,such as in the employment power,rights,occupation role identification,attitude,consciousness of rights safeguarding and so on.In addition,there have more stronger demand to become urban people than the last generation of migrant workers for their living experience,achievement motivations and development demands.But their lives are determined by the identity of migrant workers in the city,and for that they don't have the equal rights with the city residents to share the public welfare and acquire the development opportunity even if they offered the same value of labor as the registered population.For the pursuit of profit,many enterprises have tried their best to escape security tax,to reduce the pay bill of the wages and to ignore the social responsibility when they employed the large numbers of migrant workers,which make the gaps to guaranteed the basic rights,to acquire the health care and the opportunity of being educated and to share the other public services.It is needed to change the vulnerable status for their contributions to promote the economic and social development.However,they are faced with many tangible and intangible resistance when they try to change,and they are faced with the complicated procedures and many restrictions and obstacles in the household,and the social unfairness in the process of changing their weak position.It is not only related to acquire the opportunities of their own personal development,city integration and the social vulnerable status change,but also related to China's current social harmony and modernization of Chinese industry in the future.In order to summarize what is caused to the current status of migrant workers and how to find the future development prospects,this paper selects the new generation of migrant workers as the research object,analyzes the connotation of migrant workers,endowment difference compared Cenozoic migrant workers with the older generation of migrant workers and acquires the experience of the foreign governments to develop human resource of vulnerable groups combined with China's current situation.Besides,based on detailed analysis of the target of government action,the government's political behaviors,economic behaviors,legal and administrative behaviors,this paper also takes the human resources development in Shenzhen city as an example to construct government behavior model of the Cenozoic migrant workers' human resources development according to the graph of the restriction of the impact on the new generation of migrant workers in the development of human resources of all kinds of government behavior.In addition,Taking Shenzhen city as an example,this paper built the human resource development behavior model,constructed the utility evaluation index,calculated the utility index of the government behavior and verified the index model of the Cenozoic migrant workers' human resource development of the government behavior according to the utility evaluation and restrictive factors .Then the relevant conclusions and policy recommendations are given.This paper thinks that there is the inherent consistency between the target of human resource development and governmental behavior of the new generation of migrant workers and other vulnerable groups,the social disadvantage of the new-generation migrant workers is the inevitable outcome of the government behavior arrangements,political behavior of government the has far-reaching influence in the development of human resources of newgeneration migrant workers but not been valued,the absence of the interme diate organization makes low efficiency of the government behavior on the human resources development of new-generation migrant workers.It is limited to offer the equal public services,to provide the environment,to allocate the equal power of construction,equal social resources of development for changing the vulnerable position of Cenozoic migrant workers,only to increase investment,to establish a sound organization,to guide enterprises to actively participate in,to offer the priority allocation of the resources,to construct the occupation technology development channel of migrant workers and to construct the fair environment of human resources are the right ways.The paper believes that the role of government leading behavior in the development of human resources is irreplaceable.Therefore,suggestions of this paper are that the government needs to unify the understanding,to change the thinking way of the security of vulnerable groups power,to establish the priority of human resource development,to straighten governmental coordination mechanism,to change the performance appraisal model of supporting economic growth into the model of promoting equal access to offer the public service,to encourage more participation by political,economic,legal and administrative actions,to establish sound intermediate organizations and promote them active participation,to construct fair environment for human resource and to reform the income distribution system for narrowing the income gap.To promote the development of human resources of the new-generation migrant workers is the key to enhance the utility power of government behavior.Key Words: Cainozoic Urban Rural Workers,The Development of Human Resource,Government Behavior,Utility Index

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