艾思奇与马克思主义大众化

马克思主义大众化与中国化时代化是马克思主义理论创新和发展的重要内容，是我们学习实践社会主义核心价值体系的内在要求，是建设马克思主义学习型政党的重要任务。研究那些曾对马克思主义中国化、时代化、大众化作出过突出贡献并具有鲜明个性的人物，将有助于我们把马克思主义的研究引向实证化、具体化。我们研究艾思奇这位对马克思主义“三化”尤其是对马克思主义大众化作出过杰出贡献的人物，学习他在探索马克思主义大众化过程中留给我们的宝贵经验与深刻教训，这对于我们反思历史，立足现实，不断创新马克思主义，是十分重要的。同时，它对于我们运用中国特色社会主义理论体系武装教育全党全国各族人民，以及将社会主义建设各项事业推向前进，也具有十分重要的理论价值和现实意义。“艾思奇与马克思主义大众化”，这一课题包含着丰富而深刻的思想内容。艾思奇走上马克思主义道路的过程、艾思奇与他的惊世之作《大众哲学》、艾思奇对马克思主义大众化的贡献、艾思奇对马克思主义大众化的经验教训、新时期马克思主义大众化的创新，等等，都是该课题研究的重要内容。本书旨在对这些内容进行逐一梳理与深入研究，力求对艾思奇与马克思主义大众化留给我们的经验教训及其现实启迪进行深度的总结和反思。本书共分为绪论和五章内容。绪论主要说明了选题缘由、国内外研究现状、研究方法、重难点以及创新之处。第一章“艾思奇走上马克思主义道路的思想历程”，是本书的理论前提。它着重从艾思奇所处的时代背景、生活的家庭环境、所受的教育状况以及个人兴趣爱好、性格特征等因素出发，分析了艾思奇选择马克思主义信仰的必然性，探索了艾思奇的马克思主义观的萌芽、形成、发展、成熟和深化的历史进程。艾思奇从中学时代产生马克思主义观的萌芽（1925年—1926年），到两次日本求学期间马克思主义观初步形成（1927年—1932年），再到上海期间（1932年初—1937年8月），其马克思主义观得以迅速发展；延安时期（1937年8月—1946年11月），艾思奇的马克思主义观已日趋成熟，以及他最后抵达北京后的时期（1949年初—1966年3月），其马克思主义观的不断深化，可谓清晰地呈现了他对“什么是马克思主义、怎样对待马克思主义”问题的认识。本章的论述将帮助读者正确看待艾思奇与马克思主义大众化的关系，他的一生并不仅仅探索大众化的过程，而是与马克思主义中国化、时代化、现实化齐头并进，共同发展的过程。第二章“艾思奇探索马克思主义大众化的开端”，主要阐释了20世纪早期艾思奇发起对马克思主义大众化探索的原因（复杂的历史背景、有限的思想传播条件、广泛的群众需求和一定的理论积淀），梳理了20世纪早期及上海时期艾思奇对马克思主义大众化的整个历程，总结了上海时期艾思奇推动马克思主义大众化运动的主要功绩以及这一时期他在探索中所遇到的困难。第三章“艾思奇探索马克思主义大众化的发展”，主要是沿着艾思奇如何在马克思主义中国化中推进大众化的思路，来厘清其在延安时期对马克思主义大众化的进一步发展。这一章集中强调了艾思奇在延安时期所坚持的“在中国化现实化中推动大众化”的思路与理念，并对这种理念产生的背景、内涵着重进行了分析论证。本章亦从理论教育、思想宣传、文化艺术、党群军群等多个层面对延安时期艾思奇继续进行的马克思主义大众化探索历程、探索所采用的多样化途径逐一展开论述，最后对这一时期艾思奇对马克思主义大众化的历史贡献与困境，进行了较为深入的分析。第四章“艾思奇探索马克思主义大众化的深入”，集中探讨了艾思奇在新中国成立后去中共中央党校工作、生活的近十八年期间，对马克思主义大众化进行的新探索。结合新中国成立后的时代因素、中央领导的重视程度、百姓呼声、思想潮流等因素，对新的历史条件下艾思奇如何将马克思主义大众化引向深入的条件展开了分析，并围绕艾思奇在北京时期所参加的马克思主义大众化的三大主要内容（分不同对象有针对性地普及马列主义和毛泽东思想，多时段地进行理论教育和思想改造活动，以教学、编写教材、哲学批判和争论等多种形式来开展宣传），阐述了北京时期艾思奇对马克思主义大众化探索的延续。重点论述了艾思奇针对不同群体进行分类指导的思想，具体诠释了他如何结合工农群众、全党干部、高校师生等不同文化层次的对象，采取不同的宣传教育方式；如何在多次马克思主义理论教育时段（第一个时段是从1949年初开始到1952年底大体结束的全国范围内的“历史唯物论—社会发展史”的学习以及思想改造运动；第二个时段是从1952年底至1956年底，全国社会各界掀起的“辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义”学习热潮以及对胡适实用主义与梁漱溟的哲学思想的批判活动；第三个时段是1959年秋至1965年底的全国秀才班的系统培训活动，艾思奇是如何采取教学、编写教材、哲学批判和论争等多种形式来向广大民众进行马克思主义和毛泽东思想的普及活动的）。在此基础上，本书对艾思奇在北京时期所作出的三大历史贡献及其困境进行了阐述，尤其是其贡献主要表现在：教育了广大民众并培养了大批革命干部；编写了具有中国特色的马克思主义哲学教材；扩大了毛泽东思想在大众中的影响力，在学术界得到普遍认同与赞许。第五章“艾思奇探索马克思主义大众化的特点、经验、反思及启示”，主要从理论界所公认的艾思奇一生所经历的三个主要时期（上海时期、延安时期、北京时期），探讨了艾思奇对马克思主义大众化探索的总体特点、有益经验、历史教训和当代启示。每一部分的内容，始终将马克思主义中国化时代化大众化视作一个整体加以分析和论证。对于艾思奇在马克思主义大众化探索中留给我们的当代启示，笔者结合新时代的新情况和新问题，对其进行了新的思考和阐释。全书包括绪论与五章主体内容，它们之间存在着内在的逻辑关系。绪论是全书的基础，它为后面章节的展开做好了铺垫。第一章梳理了艾思奇走上马克思主义道路的思想历程，为我们从总体上了解艾思奇一生所从事的马克思主义理论教学与研究事业，提供了便利。第二、三、四章则从微观的角度，分别对艾思奇在上海、延安、北京生活的三个不同历史时期的马克思主义大众化探索进行了具体阐述，其中上海时期是开端期，延安时期是成熟期，北京时期是深化期，它们共同构成了探讨艾思奇与马克思主义大众化的重要内容。第五章则将这三个时期的特点、经验进行了总体归纳，并立足于当今实际，展开了时代的探索，凸显了本论文的现实意义，是本书的最终归宿。关键词：艾思奇；马克思主义；大众化AbstractThe Sinicization,Modernization and Popularization of Marxism is an important part of the construction project of Marxist theory,is the inherent requirement for us to learn to practice the socialist core value system,is also an important task of learning to build a Marxist political party.Studying those figures who have made outstanding contributions to the sinicization,Modernization and Popularization of Marxism and have a distinct personality,will be helpful to deepen our study on Marxism from empirical and specific angles..Studing the brand character“Ai Siqi”,who have made outstanding contributions to Marxism“three”,particularly for the Popularization of Marxism,And exploring the valuable experience and profound lessons learned in his popularization Process of Marxism.This is important for us to rethink history,to base development,to innovate Marxism constantly.At the same time,it has important theoretical and practical significance for us to use theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics to arm education whole party and the country people of all ethnic groups,and to put our various undertakings of socialist construction to a new level.The proposition“Ai Siqi and popularization of Marxism”,contains rich and profound ideological content.The process of Ai Siqi's embarking on Marxism,his amazing works“public philosophy”,his contribution to Popularization of Marxism,his experience and the lessons on Popularization of Marxism,innovation of Marxism Popularization in the new era,etc,should be included in the research field.This article aims to sort out the content,and strive to focus on further exploration of Ai Siqi's summary and reflection of experience and lessons about the popularization of Marxism,and on his inspiration for us today to explore the popularization continuously.The article consists of the introduction and five chapters.Introduction mainly clarifies reasons for the choice of this topic,the review of literature at home and abroad,the research methods,important and difficult points as well as innovation.Chapter one“Ai Siqi's ideological course of embarking on Marxism”,it is the theoretical foundation of this thesis.It analyzes the inevitability of Ai Siqi's selection of Marxist faith,from the following factors: the backgrounds of his times and family,education as well as his personal hobbies,personality traits.and explores the historical process including emergence,formation,development,maturity,and deepening of Ai Siqi's Marxist view.That's to say,Ai Siqi's Marxist view dates from the days when he was in middle school（1925—1926）,and came into being during the period when he went to Japan twice for study（1927—1932）,then achieved rapid development when he stayed in Shanghai（early 1932— August 1937）.During the years（August 1937—November 1946）in Yanan,Marxist outlook matured gradually and finally was deepened when he arrived in Beijing（early 1949 to 1966 March）.These processes clearly demonstrated his cognition of the question“What is Marxism,how to treat Marxism”,thus helping the reader to understand the relationship between Ai Siqi and popularization of Marxism correctly.His life was not just the process of exploring popularization of Marxism,but went hand in hand with the ideas of sinicization,modernization and popularization of Marxism.The second chapter,“Ai Siqi's exploration beginning about the popularization of Marxism”,explained the early 20th century,It mainly illustrates Ai Siqi initiated to explore the reasons for the Popularization of Marxism in the 20th century early,such as complex historical background,limited ideological propagation conditions,a wide range of needs of the masses and some of the theoretical accumulation,Combs Ai Siqi's the entire history of exploring the popularization of Marxism during the early 20th century and Shanghai period,summarize up Ai Siqi's main achievement to promote the popularization of Marxism movement,and the short comings or limitations in the exploration during this period.The third chapter,“Ai Siqi's exploration development about the popularization of Marxism”,mainly along the angle how to promote the popular point of view in the reality of Marxism in China about Ai Siqi,to clarify Ai Siqi's further development on Popularization of Marxism in the Yanan period.This chapter focuses emphasizing on the ideas and concepts of‘Promoting the popularity in China of reality',analyze and demonstrate the background and Connotation of this concept.This chapter also explores the history of Ai Siqi's proceeding popularity Marxism and Varied ways one by one,from theoretical education,ideological propaganda,culture and the arts,the Party and the military group level in Yan an period.Finally,this paper analyzes Ai Siqi's contribution and limitations of history of Marxism Popularization in this period,advancing with the times.The fourth chapter,“Ai Siqi's deep exploration about the popularization of Marxism”.This article focuses on the new exploration about Ai Siqi's popularity of Marxism,during his work and life of the last ten years in the Party School of the CPC Central Committee after 1949.Combination the era of factors after 1949,the attention of the central leadership,the voice of the people,the ideological trend and other factors,Ai Siqi analyzes the conditions of how to deepen the popularization of Marxism under the new historical conditions.And around the three main contents include Ai Siqi participation in Beijing during the Popularization of Marxism:the different objects targeted the popularity of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought; participate in multiple time periods theoretical education and thought reform activities;various forms of teaching,writing textbooks,philosophical criticism and controversy to advocacy on the continuation of exploring Ai Siqi's Popularization of Marxism in the Beijing period.This article elaborates the continuation of Ai Siqi's exploring popularity of Marxism in the Beijing period,focuses on the idea of Ai Siqi guidance for different groups,explains specifically how to combine different objects of the cultural level of the masses of workers and peasants,the whole party cadres,college teachers and students,to take a different depth education?How to popularize Marxism and Mao Zedong Thought to the general public in many Marxist theoretical education hours? How to start from the ways and means to take the teaching,compiling textbook,and other forms of philosophical critique and controversy to promote the popularization of Marxism?On this basis,this paper concludes Ai Siqi's three historical contribution limitations made in Beijing,the especially its contribution in the academic community has been widespread recognition and praise.The fifth chapter,“Ai Siqi's characteristics,experience and revelation in exploring popularization of Marxism”,This chapter discusses Ai Siqi's general characteristics,useful experience of each part and contemporary inspiration mainly from Ai Siqi's life experience of three major periods theorists recognized（Shanghai period,Yanan period,Beijing period）on Popularization of Marxism.The contents of each part,is always treating the Sinicization,Modernization and Popularization of Marxism as a whole.Ai Siqi's exploration on Marxism popularization left our contemporary revelation,it needs to put forward a new inspiration,new thinking,new strategy with a combination of a new era of new situations and problems.There is an inherent logical relationship between the six chapters including introduction.Introduction is the basis of the content,and it has prepared the way for the later chapters of the stretch.The second,the third and the fourth chapters respectively and specifically addressed the exploration about the popularization of Marxism of three different historical periods of life by Ai Siqi in Shanghai,Yan an,Beijing from the microscopic point of view.Shanghai during the beginning of the period,the Yanan period is mature,Beijing during the enhancement phase,which together constitute the important content to explore Ai Siqi's popularization of Marxism.Chapter V generally summarizes characteristics and experiences of these three periods,based on actual launched a reality exploration at present,highlighting the practical significance of the paper,is the ultimate destination of this writing.Key word: Ai Siqi; Marxism; popularization

全部显示∨

全部显示∨